Skin is more than a reflection in the mirror it’s the largest organ of your body, toiling away to shield you from the outside world. It keeps bacteria and viruses at bay, regulates temperature, and even manufactures vitamin D when you’re out in the sun. But with all that work, it’s not surprising that skin occasionally gets a little mixed up, from rashes and bumps to peeling and color changes.
Skin illnesses are as varied as they are numerous, from slight irritations to chronic ones requiring continuous treatment. Acne, for instance, is a well-known adversary of many, caused by clogged pores that hold oil, bacteria, and dead skin. Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, introduces dry, itchy patches that may swell, crack, or become scaly. Psoriasis is another widespread condition, characterized by scaly, red skin that may be warm or swollen to the touch. And then there are more esoteric concerns such as vitiligo, which leads areas of skin to lose color, or rare inherited disorders that weaken skin or alter its hue.
The scalp is particularly a trouble zone. Bumps appear for any number of reasons sweating under a hat, heavy hair chemicals, or not washing properly enough. Scalp acne resembles other acne in that it features inflamed bumps, whiteheads, or blackheads that may itch or hurt. Folliculitis, a hair follicle infection, can appear like acne but generally is the result of bacteria invading compromised follicles, occasionally following shaving or wearing tight headgear.
Eczema may also affect the scalp, with atopic dermatitis presenting in the form of red, discolored patches and seborrheic dermatitis resulting in oily scaling and redness. Psoriasis of the scalp tends to present as thickened, silvery-white plaques. Others are contact dermatitis, which develops after exposure to irritating shampoos and conditioners, and ringworm, a fungal disease that results in itchy, ring-shaped rashes and loss of hair.
Skin disease diagnosis is the professionals’ work. Dermatologists examine your symptoms, take a medical history, and may perform tests such as allergy tests, blood tests, or skin biopsies to identify the issue. Occasionally, what appears to be one condition such as psoriasis may in fact be eczema, ringworm, or an allergic reaction, so it is essential to get it right.
Treatment varies according to the cause. For bacterial infections such as folliculitis, antibiotics might be indicated. Fungal infections of ringworm on the scalp call for oral antifungal drugs, as creams and lotions simply aren’t strong enough. Eczema and psoriasis usually respond to shampoos containing medication, topical steroids, or ointments. For allergic reactions, evading the cause and applying prescribed creams can provide relief. Pilar cysts, small lumps on the scalp containing fluid, generally resolve without treatment but may require antibiotics or small surgery if they become infected.
At home, gentle care goes a long way. Allow peeling skin to slough off on its own picking at it can welcome infection. Moisturize with fragrance-free, hypoallergenic creams and stay hydrated by drinking lots of water. Shower in warm (not hot) water, add moisture to the air with a humidifier, and shield your skin from sun damage. If you smoke, quitting will make your skin heal and remain healthy.
Certain skin conditions are associated with other medical conditions, such as diabetes or autoimmune diseases, and can worsen with stress or hormonal shifts. Although you cannot alter your genes, you can reduce your risk of contagious skin disease by not sharing personal items, disinfecting group objects, and washing your hands regularly.
If you experience any ongoing or unusual skin changes particularly on your scalp don’t be afraid to touch base with a healthcare provider. Early detection and proper treatment can be the key to keeping your skin happy and healthy.