Upgrading America’s bomber force isn’t simply an exercise in replacing outdated jets with new ones. It’s a thoughtful, long-term process that combines strategy, technology, and careful planning to allow the Air Force to respond to today’s needs while remaining ready for the demands of tomorrow. The transition from the proven B-1B Lancer to the advanced B-21 Raider shows that modernization is not just about procuring new aircraft—it’s about building a stronger, more agile force.
The B-1B Lancer, affectionately called the “Bone” by its crews, first entered service in 1985. Built for high-speed, long-range strike missions, it soon found itself doing far more than originally intended. Over the past two decades, it flew countless close air support and sustained combat operations, placing considerable wear and tear on its systems.
By 2019, fewer than half the fleet was in full working order, and repairing each plane cost tens of millions of dollars. The Air Force was confronted with a deciding decision: keep throwing money at old jets or invest in developing a leaner, more effective bomber force.
That choice became apparent in 2021. Seventeen of the oldest and most weathered B-1Bs were retired, reducing the fleet from 62 to 45. It wasn’t about cutting firepower; it was about focusing resources, maintenance, and attention on the healthiest aircraft. The majority of the retired jets were stored at the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group in Arizona, with four remaining in reserve in case they were ever recalled.
Some of the retired aircraft were repurposed: one was turned into a structural test vehicle, another was employed for ground testing, one served as a support for a mapping venture, and one ended up in the Global Power Museum. Air Force representatives said that this strategy allowed crews to more effectively maintain the remaining aircraft by freeing them up.
That vision proved worthwhile in 2022, when a Dyess Air Force Base B-1B went down due to an engine fire, potentially lowering fleet numbers below operating levels. The Air Force went back into the “boneyard” and reclaimed a past-retired bomber, dubbed “Lancelot.” Multiple bases contributed crews to restore it to flight status, and Lancelot ultimately returned to active duty—a success story of a mothballed plane rising from the dead that does not usually happen.
Looking forward, the bomber fleet’s future lies in the B-21 Raider, the first new U.S. strategic bomber in over thirty years. Intended to replace the B-1B and the stealthy B-2 Spirit, the B-21 is designed for the most demanding missions in adverse environments.
It can be equipped to carry nuclear and conventional payloads, incorporates advanced stealth capabilities, has an open architecture for future upgrades, and can be manned or unmanned, providing commanders with unprecedented flexibility.
Since its inception, the B-21 program has prioritized cost savings and rapid production. Even test planes are constructed to operational requirements, so lessons are learned that can be directly applied to the aircraft entering service. Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota will host the Raiders’ initial deployment, followed by Whiteman and Dyess. The Air Force expects to deploy at least 100 aircraft, each with an estimated 2022-dollar cost of approximately $692 million.
The bomber fleet is transitioning from a three-plane concept—the B-1B, B-2, and B-52H—to a lean two-bomber strategy: the B-21 Raider and the modernized B-52H. The plan maintains long-range strike capability but makes the force more sustainable and flexible.
Modernization isn’t merely about constructing the next plane; it’s about being able to project power, reassure friends, and react quickly to new threats. The B-21 isn’t simply replacing the B-2—it’s writing a new chapter in American airpower, one designed for the demands of the future.