Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine doesn’t close all the way during development. This can leave the spinal cord and nerves exposed, which can cause a variety of problems, including:
- Weakness or paralysis in the legs
- Bowel and bladder problems
- Learning disabilities
- Hydrocephalus (water on the brain)
The severity of spina bifida can vary greatly from person to person. Some people with spina bifida have very few problems, while others may need lifelong care.
Symptoms of spina bifida
The symptoms of spina bifida can vary depending on the severity of the defect. Some common symptoms include:
- A lump or swelling in the back
- Weakness or paralysis in the legs
- Bowel and bladder problems
- Learning disabilities
- Hydrocephalus (water on the brain)
If you notice any of these symptoms in your child, it’s important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve the outcome for children with spina bifida.
Treatment for spina bifida
There is no cure for spina bifida, but there are treatments that can help improve the quality of life for people with the condition. Treatment may include:
- Surgery to close the opening in the spine
- Medication to treat hydrocephalus
- Physical therapy to help improve muscle strength and coordination
- Special education services to help with learning disabilities
With early diagnosis and treatment, many people with spina bifida can live full and productive lives.
Prevention of spina bifida
There is no sure way to prevent spina bifida, but there are some things that pregnant women can do to reduce their risk, such as:
- Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy
- Getting regular prenatal care
- Avoiding smoking and alcohol during pregnancy
If you are pregnant and have any concerns about spina bifida, talk to your doctor. They can help you understand your risk and discuss treatment options.
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