One of the aircraft that least captured the imagination was not the F-14 Tomcat. It was very fast, powerful, and even somehow eternal due to its fame on the big screen; it became the brandÂ-new symbol of American air supremacy over the whole Cold War period. But the story of the Tomcat did not end with the US; it extended its most prolonged and unexpected journey to the other side of the Earth.
Honestly, the F-14 was kept “alive” in Iran for almost 50 years after its retirement in 2006. On the one hand, it was strategically the most important aircraft in the region’s air defense system, and on the other hand, it was a symbolic vehicle, witnessing the struggle against the odds.
The Shah’s building of what he hoped to be a world-class military was the beginning of the F-14 connection with Iran. After deciding that Moscow may launch bombers, which, besides the Persian Gulf’s vital sea lanes, are the most likely targets to be exposed to in the region, Tehran came to the conclusion that the best interceptor would be something that money could buy. The Tomcat was just the right solution for that job.
The F-14 was fitted out with the powerful AN/AWG-9 radar that allowed the fighter to track a target, and by the time it was completely obsolete, the long-range AIM-54 Phoenix missile followed it more than 100 miles away. It gave the U.S. Navy the kind of capability that had never before been available with the same flexibility and effectiveness. Thus, just one year after deliveries had started, and Iranianpilots’’™ training in the U.S. had begun, Tehran’s air force was elevated to one of the most advanced in the Middle East just by the acquisition of this fighter.
Then the 1979 revolution was born. Halting the ties with Washington, the Islamic Revolution was followed by sanctions and eventually, the stopping of the spare parts and support flow that had been going on uninterruptedly up until that moment. Most believed that the Iranian Tomcats would become grounded very shortly as a consequence of all these developments. However, instead of that, the contrary occurred.
The Iranian technicians and aircrews went to great lengths to ensure that the aircraft kept flying. Parts were reverse-engineered, they tore down and cannibalized the airframes, and utilized the dark corners of the black market for their resources. A considerable amount of money had been set aside for the American arms that never reached their destination, yet Iran didn’t lose its resolve to save the Tomcat.
The F-14 was put through the greatest test in the Iran–Iraq War of the 198od. Despite shortages so severe that it was difficult for them even to function, the Tomcat proved to be very indispensable on the ground and in the air, having brought down enemy Iraqi aircraft, of which one was the high-flying MiG-25 Foxbat. Besides combat, it was often used as a very small type of AWACS, that is, detecting dangers at a long range and guiding other fighters to attack. Aviation historians would later refer to them as “ghosts of the Cold War”—old yet still powerful aircraft.
The struggle to keep them aloft is never-ending. Without the support of an official supply chain, the Iranians resorted to smuggled parts, domestic manufacturing, and even their Phoenix missiles. While slowly but surely, time and intricacy took their toll on the total number of the fleet, more so with accidents, attrition, and cannibalization reducing their numbers year by year.
These problems have been growing worse in the last few decades. Not all the Tomcats were not even destroyed by strikes, but some were blown up, weakened only to give spares away. However, the military has pointed out that the F-14 was, up to very recent times, one of the very few aircraft in their arsenal that could be used to fight certain regional threats, which is a factor to be considered how long it has been designed to last and how far it has come.
Currently being put into use, as well as the Su-35, it is to be expected that Iran’s Tomcats will be retired soon. The Su-35 is superior to the F-14 in almost all respects, according to the paper. However, not many people still don’t ponder over who or what actually could step into the place of the Tomcat and carry out the uniquely long-range interception mission in the past, as the powerful radar and missile system were what defined it.
The saga of the F-14 in Iran is far from being just a technological one. It narrates persistence when all was against them, when they kept an air defense lifeline going as logic said it should be finished decades before, and it will be an end only when the very last Tomcat flies off the earth’s surface leaving behind a legacy not only as a reminder of the Cold War but also as an icon of creativity and stubbornness of will.