Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare, life-threatening condition that can occur in pregnancies where identical twins share a placenta (monochorionic twins). In TTTS, there is an imbalance in the blood flow between the twins, with one twin (the donor) receiving too much blood and the other twin (the recipient) receiving too little blood. This imbalance can cause a number of serious complications for both twins, including:
- Polyhydramnios in the recipient twin, which is a condition of excess amniotic fluid
- Oligohydramnios in the donor twin, which is a condition of low amniotic fluid
- Growth restriction in the donor twin
- Heart problems in both twins
- Premature birth
Symptoms of TTTS
There are often no symptoms of TTTS in the early stages of the condition. However, as the condition progresses, the following symptoms may develop:
- Rapid weight gain in the mother
- Swelling in the mother’s hands and feet
- Pain in the abdomen
- Contractions
- Reduced fetal movements
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment of TTTS can improve the chances of a good outcome for both twins.
Precautions for TTTS
There is no sure way to prevent TTTS, but there are some things that pregnant women can do to reduce their risk, such as:
- Getting regular prenatal care
- Avoiding smoking and alcohol during pregnancy
- Taking folic acid supplements
If you are pregnant with identical twins, your doctor will closely monitor your pregnancy for signs of TTTS. If TTTS is diagnosed, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you.
Treatment for TTTS
There are a number of treatment options available for TTTS, including:
- Amnioreduction, which is a procedure that involves removing excess amniotic fluid from the recipient twin’s sac
- Laser surgery, which is a procedure that uses laser to seal the blood vessels that are causing the imbalance in blood flow between the twins
- Selective feticide, which is a procedure that involves terminating the life of the donor twin
The best treatment option for TTTS will vary depending on the severity of the condition and the gestational age of the twins. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of each treatment option with you and help you choose the best option for your pregnancy.
Outcomes of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)
The outcome of TTTS can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the gestational age of the twins. In general, the earlier TTTS is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of a good outcome for both twins. However, even with treatment, TTTS can be a very serious condition and can lead to the death of one or both twins.
If you are pregnant with identical twins, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks of What is twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and the signs and symptoms to watch for. With early diagnosis and treatment, the chances of a good outcome for both twins can be improved.
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